Fast Hydrated-Ion Transport and Desolvation in Pyridinyl COF Membranes via Competitive Coordination

Abstract

Hydrated-ion transport and desolvation dominate energy transfer and ionic selectivity in membrane separation, electrochemical energy storage, and catalytic systems, whereas achieving fast ion conduction with low hydration remains highly challenging.In this work, we discover that pyridinyl-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) membranes enable the fast transport of hydrated ions with efficient desolvation. This originates from a soft Lewis acid-mediated competitive coordination mechanism, where pyridinyl groups partially displace hydration shells. The ordered channels with optimized coordination not only stabilize desolvated ions but also provide continuous hopping pathways for ion migration, resulting in rapid ion transport with reduced desolvation barriers. As a proof-of-concept application, the pyridinyl COFs membranes were studied in aqueous zinc batteries. Electrochemical tests reveal that partial zinc ions desolvation lowers the thermodynamic barrier for zinc nucleation, while rapid ion transport balances interfacial reaction kinetics, effectively suppressing dendrite growth and parasitic reactions. Consequently, zinc anode paired with pyridyl COFs membranes exhibits reversible stripping/plating over 5000 hours in a conventional ZnSO₄ electrolyte without additives, outperforming most of the current aqueous battery separators. This work demonstrates the unique desolvation transport behavior of hydrated ions in pyridinyl COF membranes and provides new insights for the rational design of COFs for electrochemical energy storage.