Recent advances in small-molecule fluorescent probes for simultaneous dual detection of HClO/ClO - and analytes/microenvironment

Abstract

Hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite (HClO/ClO -) is one of the most crucial reactive oxygen species, exert effective antibacterial effects in living organisms. Real-time monitoring HOCl/ClO -changes in the local regions will help to further reveal its biological functions. However, the concentrations of HClO/ClO -and other analytes/microenvironment often fluctuate simultaneously in the occurrence and progress of certain diseases. That is to say, a large number of pathological processes are controlled by various biological species and microenvironment. Therefore, exploring the interactive relationship and coregulation mechanism between HClO/ClO -and analytes/microenvironment are of vital. The fluorescence imaging techniques have been broadly applied in detecting HClO/ClO -and analytes/microenvironment in biological systems due to their outstanding performance, including non-invasiveness, in suit capability, and high spatial-temporal resolution. Fluorescent probes have been considered as one of the most efficient instruments for studying molecular events. Herein, this review offered a comprehensive statement of dual-responsive small-molecule fluorescent probes for simultaneously monitoring of HClO/ClO -and analytes/microenvironment. Furthermore, the levels, distributions and relationship of HClO/OCl -and analytes/microenvironment were revealed in depth, especially latent functions in numerous diseases. Specially, this review may offer valuable references for the preparation and application of simultaneous dual-detection fluorescent probes in the future.