Reactor and kinetic study advances for highly acidic solvolysis-mediated Friedel–Crafts reaction

Abstract

This study presents a kinetic model that simulates the consumption of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), the formation of di-isopropyl benzoic acid (DIPBA) via a Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction, and the generation of key impurities. The model provides valuable insights into reaction dynamics by capturing the intricate interplay between reaction kinetics and competing pathways. In addition, we introduce a cost-effective, scalable reactor design that overcomes the limitations of traditional laboratory-based reactor systems. The reactor system enhances safety, efficiency, and adaptability, making it ideal for large-scale, highly acidic reactions in laboratory settings. Together, this work underscores the insights and limitations of conventional kinetic modeling for solvolysis-mediated Friedel–Crafts reactions and lays the foundation for more efficient and innovative approaches to chemical process development.