Advances in tribological performance of plant–fiber reinforced epoxy composites

Abstract

The growing interest in sustainable materials has prompted extensive research into plant fiber reinforced polymer composites as alternatives to synthetic fibers (e.g. glass, carbon). This review explores the tribological behavior, wear resistance, and mechanical properties of various plant fibers, like Abaca, Banana, Hemp, Jute, Coir etc., when incorporated into epoxy matrices. It analyzes the chemical compositions, fiber–matrix interactions, and the influence of fiber content, treatment methods and fiber orientations on the tribological performance of the composites. Surface treatments along with the nanoparticles and fillers, have demonstrated lower friction coefficient, increased wear resistance and overall strength of every fiber reinforced epoxy composite. Combining multiple natural fibers or hybrid composites, offers superior durability and wear resistance compared to pure fiber composites. Increasing fiber content enhances the mechanical and tribological properties, with optimum performance observed at 20–30% fiber concentrations. Also, this review highlights the potential of plant fiber/epoxy composites as sustainable substitutes for synthetic fibers in industrial applications like automotive, construction, and aerospace.