Recent Advancement of Flexible Electronic Based on Textiles: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Flexible electronic textiles (e-textiles) have emerged as a key class of wearable systems by integrating electronic functionality with the intrinsic advantages of textile materials, such as breathability, flexibility, lightweight nature, and conformability to complex surfaces. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in textile-based flexible electronics; however, the effective integration of diverse textile manufacturing technologies with advanced electronic components remains a critical challenge. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in flexible e-textiles across different hierarchical levels, including fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Emphasis is placed on the fabrication techniques, structural designs, and functional mechanisms of textile-based electronic architectures, with representative examples discussed at each hierarchical scale. Furthermore, key applications of etextiles in sensing, energy harvesting and storage, actuation, and human-machine interfaces are reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives for fabricating flexible e-textiles are discussed, aiming to provide insights and guidance for the rational design of next-generation wearable electronic systems.