From AI discovery to macroscopic formula: a quasi-stability criterion for quantum dots inspired by Elon Musk's vision

Abstract

With rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly the vision articulated by Elon Musk that AI can “discover new physics” and derive novel scientific theories from first principles, presenting an unprecedented opportunity for a paradigm shift in materials science, the quantum dot (QD) research field has encountered unprecedented opportunities for scientific paradigm transformation. This study strengthens the intelligent research assistant tool named AI Supervisor based on xAI's Grok-4 large language model, systematically collecting and processing theoretical and experimental information in the quantum dot field to provide effective knowledge support for AI systems. Through analysis of 1032 stable quantum dot data and 472 unstable quantum dot data, combined with AI Supervisor and Grok-4 assistance, we establish a stability criterion formula (Δχ_QD)²(Δχ_ads)²·L/r·(ηr²L)/(k_BTε) > 6 ps based on scientific feeling and macroscopic physical quantities, where 6 picoseconds represents the minimum stability window for quantum dots. This achievement represents a breakthrough in predicting quantum dot stability behaviour using only measurable macroscopic parameters. Using quantum dots dispersed in solvents as an example, theoretical predictions show excellent agreement with experimental phenomena, validating the effectiveness and accuracy of the new research paradigm.