Ligand content-dependent exocytosis governs the blood–brain barrier transcytosis of nanocarriers

Abstract

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration efficiency of nanocarriers is restricted by limited exocytosis to the brain parenchyma. This study demonstrates that exocytosis efficiency initially increases and subsequently decreases with increasing ligand content. Therefore, optimizing ligand content in brain-targeted nanocarriers is crucial to enhance exocytosis and transcytosis across the BBB.