Hydrothermal-assisted sol-gel method for microstructure manipulation of Mg-Mo co-doped V₂O₅ films toward enhanced electrochromic properties

Abstract

Mg-Mo co-doped V₂O₅ films were prepared by a hydrothermal-assisted sol-gel method.• 2mol%Mg8mol%Mo-V₂O₅ shows optimal performance, outperforming pure/ single-doped films.• Mo⁶⁺ activates Li⁺ sites, 2 mol% Mg²⁺ optimizes V₂O₅ lattice, and their synergy enhances film performance.•2Mg8Mo-V₂O₅ treated at 350°C has excellent ion storage/optical properties, fit for electrochromic glass.