Role of sodium borohydride as a co-catalyst for nanoparticle-induced degradation of toxic dyes in aquatic systems

Abstract

The remarkable catalytic and sensing capabilities of metal nanoparticles and nanoclusters have garnered much interest. They are perfect for environmental applications because of their high surface-to-volume ratio and adjustable surface chemistry. Pollution, especially from organic pollutants like synthetic colours, causes major ecological and health risks in addition to other environmental problems. The most common catalyst among the different transition metals is silver in the form of nanoparticles and nanoclusters, with sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) serving as a co-catalyst. The catalytic behaviour of nanoparticles and nanoclusters in the presence of NaBH₄ is highlighted in this research. This review paper illustrated the function of NaBH₄ in dye degradation, covering the removal mechanism, reaction ordering, reaction kinetics and influence of co-catalysts under different physicochemical conditions. These review articles will hopefully be an asset for new researchers working in the field of sustainable water management and nanocatalysts with a clarified idea of reductive photocatalysts with sodium borohydride. In order to facilitate quick electron transfer to dye molecules and accelerate their degradation, sodium borohydride acts as an electron donor and experiences surface oxidation on metal catalysts.