Humidity-driven bilayered composite nanofiber textile actuators for smart heat and humidity management

Abstract

The dynamic thermoregulation of skin is often hindered by traditional clothing, leading to discomfort and skin issues. To address this issue, we developed a humidity-responsive bilayered nanofiber textile, combining hydrophilic polyamide (PA) and superhydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride/fluorinated polyurethane (PVDF/FPU) via electrospinning, enabling asymmetric hygroscopic bending up to 165.4° at 100% relative humidity (RH). This enhances moisture permeability (12 602 g m⁻² d⁻¹), 2.8 times higher than that of non-windowed textiles. Reversible water adsorption/desorption enables dynamic actuation for improved sweat evaporation and heat dissipation. This smart textile offers promising applications in sportswear and medical dressings, bridging the gap between static fabrics and dynamic physiological needs.