Emerging one-dimensional metal hydroxide nanostructures for high-performance supercapacitors: recent progress and future prospects

Abstract

Supercapacitive energy storage devices are attractive due to the high-power density and long cycle life; however, their broader application is limited by relatively low energy density. The primary objective of this review article is to identify one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured metal hydroxides as effective electrode materials for supercapacitors. Electrodes with 1D nanostructures have attracted significant attention owing to their unique structural features, which provide a high surface area, efficient directional ion transport pathways, enhanced utilization of electroactive materials, and diverse topologies that facilitate rapid electron and ion diffusion to active sites. This article comprehensively explores recent advances in metal hydroxide-based one-dimensional nanoforms, with particular emphasis on their design, synthesis strategies, and structural and chemical modifications for electrochemical supercapacitor applications. Furthermore, recent trends, existing challenges, and future prospects are critically discussed, highlighting their potential role in the development of flexible energy storage devices for the modern technological era.