Inverse ZrO2/Co catalysts enable robust and efficient glucose hydrogenation

Abstract

Non-noble metal-based catalysts are promising candidates for efficient glucose hydrogenation. However, their practical application remains challenging due to limited intrinsic activity and poor stability. Herein, we demonstrate that the inverse catalyst featuring zirconium oxide nano-islands immobilized on a metallic Co matrix exhibits superior activity compared to conventional supported catalysts. The optimal ZrO₂/Co catalyst achieves an outstanding sorbitol productivity of 37.6 g_Sor g_Cat⁻¹ h⁻¹ and exhibits excellent reusability over 11 consecutive runs. Kinetic studies and comprehensive characterization studies reveal that the inverse Zr–Co interface enriches oxygen vacancies and synergistically modulates the adsorption of glucose and hydrogen, thereby prompting the selective hydrogenation of carbonyl groups. This work offers a rational design strategy for developing high-performance and durable inverse catalysts for biomass hydrogenation.