Cascading integration of genetic-reduced cellulose nanofibers and ultrasound-dissected fungi mycelium for synergistic enhancements of cellulases and saccharification with high-performance bioproducts

Abstract

Plants provide enormous biomass resources convertible for biofuels and bioproducts, but lignocellulose recalcitrance signifies a critical difficulty to achieve the optimal enzymes complexes that are universally capable for diverse biomass saccharification. In this study, the lignocellulose-degradation enzymes were obtained at high-activity and high-yield by performing optimal ultrasound treatments for two distinct fungi (T. reesei, A. niger) incubations with desired rice mutant straws, which enabled a characteristically synergistic enhancement for biomass saccharification of three representative bioenergy plants (eucalyptus, fern, rice) with mostly raised hexoses yield up to 7.7 folds. All retained residues of digested-lignocelluloses and dissected-mycelium were directly applicable as active biosorbents for Congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) adsorptions of 165.6 mg g-1 and 184.8 mg g-1, and they were also convertible as highly-porous biocarbon for further upgrading dyes adsorptions to 2766.3 mg g-1 (CR) and 491.5 mg g-1 (MB) or improving specific capacitance by 2 folds. A mechanism model is thus proposed to cascade green-like biomass processes as a sustainable bioeconomy by integrating genetic-engineerable plant lignocelluloses with ultrasound-dissectible fungi mycelium.