Fabrication of hierarchical silica films with coexisting microscale cracks and mesopores enabled by chlorine-containing silica particle incorporation

Abstract

A mesoporous silica film incorporating chlorine-containing silica particles (CS) was fabricated to realize micro- and mesostructures on the surface. The reaction of a surfactant with CS was followed by a sol–gel reaction with a silica precursor, exposing isotropic mesopores and microscale cracks that are favorable for cellular activation.