Dinuclear p-cymene ruthenium hydrido complexes as active catalysts for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone with formic acid as the hydrogen source
Boon Ying
Tay, 
*a
Cun
Wang,
a
Davin
Tan,
a
Shashikant U.
Dighe,
a
Ludger Paul
Stubbs,
a
Sandeep Suryabhan
Gholap
a
and
Han Vinh
Huynh
*b
*a
Cun
Wang,
a
Davin
Tan,
a
Shashikant U.
Dighe,
a
Ludger Paul
Stubbs,
a
Sandeep Suryabhan
Gholap
a
and
Han Vinh
Huynh
*b
Abstract
The utilisation of mono- and bidentate p-cymene RuII–NHC complexes as pre-catalysts, along with formic acid as the hydrogen source, facilitates the formation of active diruthenium intermediates featuring bridging chlorido and/or hydrido ligands, which play a key role in the conversion of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone.
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