Recent advances and future directions in intermolecular borylative difunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes

Abstract

Alkenyl and alkylboronates have emerged as an indispensable intermediate in modern organic synthesis, offering broad utility in cross-coupling, functionalization, and drug development strategies. Among various methods to access these motifs, three-component carboboration reactions involving unsaturated C–C bonds have gained considerable attention due to their ability to construct complex boron-containing frameworks in a regio- and stereoselective fashion. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the intermolecular carboboration of alkenes and alkynes, spanning systems catalyzed by precious and non-precious metals, including metal-free conditions. Emphasis is placed on mechanistic diversity, substrate scope, and synthetic relevance, offering insights into how this rapidly evolving field is shaping the future of boron chemistry.