Manganese-enhanced cobalt catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: a review of structural and electronic promotion effects

Abstract

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a pivotal technology in the energy value chain, especially with emphasis on green energy. As a flexible, feedstock agnostic process, FTS supports the transition from fossil-based to renewable carbon sources, producing a range of liquid fuels and valuable chemicals. To harness the potential of green feedstocks, the development of efficient catalysts is essential. Cobalt-based catalysts have proven highly effective due to their excellent activity, particularly at high conversion/high water partial pressure, and selectivity for long-chain hydrocarbons. The addition of manganese as a promoter in cobalt-based catalysts has demonstrated a significant improvement in both activity and selectivity for FTS, and it has been adopted as a promoter of choice for various FTS companies. These enhancements are attributed to various structural and electronic modifications induced by manganese, both prior to and during FTS. This review explores the benefits of Mn promotion in Co catalysts for FTS applications, delving into the mechanistic insights and identifying key research questions for future investigation.