Direct impure water electrolysis at industrial scale

Jichao Zhang; Jianrui Feng; Daojin Zhou; Hongtao Wang; Wei Liu; Longxiang Liu; Wei Zong; Jiexin Zhu; Ruwei Chen; Hongzhen He; Mingqiang Liu; Wei Zhang; Faze Chen; Ivan P. Parkin; Xiaoming Sun; Guanjie He

doi:10.1039/D5CS01553G

Direct impure water electrolysis at industrial scale

Jichao Zhang,^a Jianrui Feng,^b Daojin Zhou,

*^c Hongtao Wang,*^a Wei Liu,^d Longxiang Liu,^e Wei Zong,

^f Jiexin Zhu,^g Ruwei Chen,^b Hongzhen He,^h Mingqiang Liu,ⁱ Wei Zhang,^j Faze Chen,

*^k Ivan P. Parkin,

^b Xiaoming Sun

*^c and Guanjie He

*^b

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a SINOPEC (Dalian) Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co., Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning 116045, China
E-mail: wanghongtao.fshy@sinopec.com

^b Christopher Ingold Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University College London (UCL), 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
E-mail: g.he@ucl.ac.uk

^c State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
E-mail: zhoudj@buct.edu.cn, sunxm@mail.buct.edu.cn

^d Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA

^e Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK

^f Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK

^g Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada

^h Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK

ⁱ Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany

^j Department of Chemical and NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

^k School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
E-mail: faze.chen@tju.edu.cn

Abstract

Without reliance on freshwater, direct impure water electrolysis (DIWE) enriches the vision of sustainably producing green hydrogen in regions with a geographical mismatch between freshwater and renewable resources. However, the roadmap of industrialization is fraught with a pyramid of interconnected challenges, especially stemming from performance degradation. Herein, this review provides a timely appraisal of diverse impurities present in seawater and wastewater. The specific impacts of impurities were reassessed to highlight the synergistic optimization toward industrial-scale implementation. Moreover, we pioneered a lucid industrial pathway based on the impurity-induced interplay. The technical and economic viability of integrating the DIWE process into existing industrial workflows was emphasized to outline promising avenues for future research.

Chemical Society Reviews

Direct impure water electrolysis at industrial scale

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