Nonlocal plasmon–exciton hybridization in moiré-twisted van der Waals lattices

Abstract

Moiré-twisted van der Waals heterostructures offer a versatile platform for studying collective electronic and optical excitations arising from long-wavelength superlattice potentials. While continuum moiré Hamiltonians, dielectric–matrix screening, and excitonic models are well established, they are often applied separately, making it difficult to assess the robustness and physical origin of predicted collective modes. Here, we employ a dielectric–matrix approach that consistently couples continuum moiré band structures to momentum-dependent electrodynamic screening. This unified treatment enables a systematic analysis of nonlocal and anisotropic plasmonic excitations in twisted bilayer graphene, as well as plasmon–exciton hybridization effects in moiré transition-metal dichalcogenides. By integrating these established ingredients within a single computational framework, our results provide a controlled connection between microscopic moiré models and experimentally accessible loss spectra.