Layered indium–silver-based hybrid perovskite single crystals for high-performance X-ray detection

Abstract

To overcome the lead toxicity and ion migration drawbacks of hybrid perovskites in X-ray detection, a two-dimensional indium–silver-based hybrid perovskite, BDA₂AgInBr₈ with a Dion–Jacobson-type layered structure, is yielded through a dual design strategy combining Ag⁺/In³⁺ substitution with the introduction of the 1,4-butanediamine cation. The well-balanced interlayer spacing of 4.23 Å enhances both charge transport and environmental stability. BDA₂AgInBr₈ single-crystal detectors show a low detection limit of 120 nGy_air s⁻¹, a high sensitivity of 1565 μC Gy_air⁻¹ cm⁻² and a radiation hardness up to 51.2 Gy_air. This result confirms that cation replacement and layered structure regulation are an effective route to high-performance, stable and eco-friendly X-ray detection materials.