Exploring Metal Phosphonate Frameworks for CO2 Transformation: Catalytic Efficiency and Stability in Cycloaddition Reactions

Abstract

Metal phosphonate frameworks (MPFs) are emerging as highly effective catalysts for the transformation of CO2 into cyclic carbonates. These materials combine the structural robustness of inorganic solids with the tunability of organic linkers, enabling efficient catalysis with exceptional stability and recyclability. The synergy between the Lewis metal centers and phosphonate-derived Brønsted acidity enables efficient activation of both CO2 and epoxide substrates within confined pores. This review critically examines the recent progress in the development of MPFs for CO2 conversion, highlighting their structural, catalytic, and functional advantages over traditional MOFs. We also address the limitations of MPFs, particularly in terms of scalability, stability, and economic feasibility. Future directions will focus on developing greener and more scalable synthesis methods, as well as the integration of MPFs into more efficient and sustainable CO2 utilization processes.