0D/3D nanoreactor by quantum dots and ZIF-67 for efficient urea electrosynthesis with substrate enrichment and coupling

Abstract

We constructed a nanoreactor by integrating Cu2-xS/MoS2 quantum dots into ZIF-67 for urea electrosynthesis. Efficient substrate enrichment increases the generation and coupling probability of key intermediates, leading to a urea yield of 600 μg h-1 mgcat-1 at -0.7 V vs. RHE. This 0D/3D nanoreactor strategy highlights the critical role of microenvironment modulation in complex multi-step electrocatalytic C–N coupling.