Ultrasonic Activation of PVDF Film Enables Piezopotential-Induced Hydroxyapatite Mineralization

Abstract

This study demonstrates that ultrasound-based piezopotential generation from polymer membrane can induce mineralization of hydroxyapatite from simulated body fluid and generate membrane with enhanced piezoelectric property. The resultant membrane can harvest mechanical energy and generate maximum open-circuit voltage and shortcircuit current of 1.9 V and 8 µA, respectively and demonstrated for monitoring radial pulse and body movements of humans.