Bioorthogonal tuning of nanosurface opsonisation via click coupling of a complement fusion protein inhibitor

Abstract

Complement opsonisation contributes to immune clearance of nanopharmaceuticals, but complement activation has some undesirable effects. Herein, we show that tethering the fusion complement receptor 2-complement receptor 1 (CR2-CR1) regulator to cross-linked iron oxide nanoworms via a PEG spacer and copper-free click chemistry overcomes complement opsonisation. Furthermore, CR2-CR1-conjugated nanoworms reduce complement opsonisation of unmodified nanoparticles.