Heteroatom-doped helical carbonaceous nanotubes with ultrafine SnO2 nanoparticles as active anode for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

An ultrafine SnO₂ confined N, P, S-doped helical carbon nanotube (SnO₂@NPSC) is developed as anode for lithium-ion batteries. The unique skeleton, featuring physical confinement and chemical bonding, effectively suppresses the volume expansion and migration of active metal, achieving excellent electrochemical performance. It provides a valuable reference for developing conversion-alloying anode materials.