Tuning solvatochromism and F– sensing via acceptor stoichiometry-mediated charge-transfer modulation in triarylboron-indolocarbazole systems

Abstract

Modulating charge transfer (CT) is key in donor-acceptor (D-A) emitter designs. By altering triarylboron acceptor stoichiometry on a strong donor scaffold indolocarbazole, two emitters, single-acceptor ICZ-1B and dual-acceptor ICZ-2B are developed. By comparison, ICZ-2B exhibits greater solvatochromic response, CT effect, and a outcompeted F– detection limit of 5.18×10⁻8 M. It demonstrates that acceptor stoichiometry modulation is an effective strategy for developing high-performance D-A sensors.