Efficient singlet oxygen (1O2)-mediated photocatalysis-driven Achmatowicz rearrangement based on a gas–liquid–solid tri-phase system

Abstract

A triphase system consisting of a gas (air)-liquid (furfuryl alcohol solution)-solid (TiO₂ photocatalyst) interface microenvironment is constructed for photocatalytic singlet oxygen (¹O₂)-mediated Achmatowicz rearrangement. Compared with conventional diphase systems, the triphase interface enables a distinct reaction pathway, achieving a 4-fold higher formation rate and improved best selectivity from 39.3% to 61.1%. The enhanced performance is attributed to high interfacial oxygen availability and the improved utilization of photogenerated carriers.