Click chemistry-driven heteromolecular integration into layered zeolite frameworks for photochemical upconversion applications

Abstract

Organic–inorganic hybrid layered porous materials enabling triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) were developed by integrating anthracene-based emitters and metal–complex sensitizers within zeolitic nanospace. Diphenylanthracene (DPA) units were covalently anchored between MWW-type layers via thiol–ene click chemistry, forming organic pillars that generated ordered interlayer micropores, confirmed by XRD and N₂ adsorption. Incorporation of cationic chromophores and Pt(octaethylporphyrin) [Pt(OEP)] enabled efficient intermolecular energy transfer. Upon 535 nm excitation, Pt(OEP)-loaded samples exhibited phosphorescence at 650 nm and upconverted emission at 400–500 nm. This work highlights a rational strategy for tuning nanoscale photochemical behavior via host–guest engineering in layered hybrid systems.