Enzyme cascade reactions encapsulated in a liposome compartment with size-limited molecular transport

Abstract

We designed a liposome-coated DNA origami compartment to encapsulate a defined number of cascade enzymes with retained cofactors. Confinement enhanced cascade reaction efficiency particularly at low cofactor levels. Efficiency gains plateaued at higher NADH concentrations, indicating that intermediate diffusion and enzyme spatial organization influence cascade performance in confined environments.