Pt@MOF-derived branch-leaf nanoarray: a mechanically flexible and high-performance biosensor for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose detection

Abstract

Developing mechanically flexible nanoarray electrodes with strong catalytic performance is necessary for non-enzymatic glucose biosensing. Herein, we present a self-supported Pt@MOF-derived branch-leaf nanoarray that functions as an efficient electrode for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensing. The as-prepared nanoarray electrode exhibits a wide linear detection range from 1 μM to 4 mM, and high sensitivities of 2866 and 518 μA mM -1 cm -2 , while maintaining remarkable mechanical flexibility and long-term stability. In addition, the electrode enables reliable glucose detection in clinical serum and cell culture medium, validating its practical potential for biosensing applications.Glucose plays a key role in human energy metabolism 1,2 , and abnormal blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes can lead to serious complications, such as cardiovascular diseases, renal failure, and retinal disorders [3][4][5][6] . Given the fluctuations of blood glucose levels, frequent monitoring is required, highlighting the development of accurate, convenient, and rapid glucose sensors essential [7][8][9][10] . Currently, glucose detection has been realized through various techniques, including Raman spectroscopy 11 , colorimetry 12 , surface plasmon resonance 13 , and electrochemical methods 14 . Among these, electrochemical approaches are especially appealing owing to their high sensitivity, convenience, and rapid response, and most commercially available glucose sensors rely on glucose oxidase to catalyze glucose oxidation and convert the catalytic process into an electrical signal output [15][16][17][18] . However, glucose oxidase, as a natural enzyme, suffers from inherent limitations such as limited stability, susceptibility to degradation, high manufacturing cost, and complex immobilization processes 19,20 . To address these limitations, non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose 2 |