Applying systems thinking to analytical system development for managing the antimicrobial resistance crisis

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an issue with foundations in clinical and agricultural sectors that has become a cross-sectoral and global human, animal, and environmental health crisis. Advances in detection technology and data sharing will allow for quick diagnostics and treatment, real-time monitoring and analysis to prevent AMR exposure, and multi-variate spatiotemporal trend analysis on the dynamic issue that is AMR to make informed interventions and policy. AMR samples are widely diverse in their matrices including blood, urine, wastewater, environmental waters, and soils. Samples can contain many interferents, particularly other contaminants like metals, microplastics, and organic pollutants, that can influence the apparent AMR. Thus, there is a need to drive innovation in cost-effective, rapid, and portable detection technologies and standardized testing methodologies for monitoring, understanding, and managing the complex AMR crisis.