DNA molecular electronics - from molecular devices to quantum sequencing

Abstract

The field of DNA molecular electronics, driven by DNA's unique molecular structure and inherent electrical properties, has evolved from fundamental charge transport studies into a multidisciplinary domain that bridges biophysics, materials science, and genomics. Based on the structural features of DNA molecules, this review organizes the field through a directional classification of electron transport into longitudinal versus transverse configurations (along versus across the DNA strand). In this framework, longitudinal transport supports the development of DNA-based electronic devices through the integrated conductance of the entire molecular chain, whereas transverse transport enables direct base recognition by probing local electronic properties. Accordingly, we discuss the integration of DNA into molecular electronic devices and strategies for modulating its electrical properties, and assess the progress and challenges toward quantum sequencing as a next-generation DNA sequencing technology. Finally, we outline prevailing challenges and potential future directions that may accelerate the transition of DNA-based molecular electronics from principle to practical application.