Reconciling algal growth understanding in photobioreactors through a statistical and facile single parameter (ψ) approach

Abstract

As the global energy crisis intensifies, there is an urgent need for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Algae, with their high growth rates and ability to sequester carbon, present a promising solution for renewable energy and carbon capture. This study investigates the potential of various algal species for carbon capture through a comprehensive analysis of bubble column photobioreactors (BC-PBRs). By reviewing 102 relevant studies over the past 15 years, a total of 24 articles were identified, providing 650 data points on biomass yield in relation to design parameters such as aeration rate, column height, diameter, volume, and carbon dioxide concentration. The analysis revealed a positive correlation between biomass yield and column height (R = 0.48; range: 20–200 cm), total volume (R = 0.48; range: 1–70 L), and cultivation time (R = 0.47; range: 2–22 days). In contrast, a negative correlation was observed with carbon dioxide concentration (R = −0.12; range: 0.03–20%) and column diameter (R = −0.21; range: 2–24 cm). Notably, Chlorella spinulatus emerged as the most promising species among those studied, with the highest biomass yield (mean of 3.03 ± 1.12 g L⁻¹). This research highlights critical design considerations for optimizing BC-PBRs to enhance algal growth and biomass production.