Bioremediation of Nitrogen-rich Wastewaters: Microbial Efficiency and Environmental Assessment

Abstract

This research addresses a critical challenge for environmental sustainability: the remediation of contaminated wastewater in the Estero Salado, a key ecosystem in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Using an innovative combination of microbiological treatments with nitrifying bacteria, activated biomass and efficient microorganisms, the direct impact on water and sediment quality was assessed. Unlike previous studies, this research was based exclusively on real, non-simulated samples, ensuring results applicable to real conditions. The findings revealed a significant reduction of nitrogenous compounds, highlighting the potential of nitrifying bacteria to lower ammonia levels towards international standards. However, significant challenges were identified, such as hydrocarbon persistence and high chemical oxygen demand, which require complementary strategies to maximize treatment efficiency. This research not only demonstrates the potential of biotechnology as a sustainable solution for water remediation, but also establishes a solid basis for future interventions in highly polluted water bodies. The results propose a comprehensive and replicable approach, opening up new opportunities for efficient wastewater management in sensitive ecosystems and its positive impact on local communities.