Issue 7, 2025

Acute toxicity and histopathological effects of pyriproxyfen in adult male and female zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Abstract

Pyriproxyfen (PPF) is a larvicide used to combat and control insects in agriculture, veterinary medicine and public health, particularly targeting vectors such as mosquitoes that transmit dengue fever. Despite being generally considered toxic to non-target organisms, the toxic effects of this substance have already been described. In this study, we investigated the effects of acute exposure (96 h) on the mortality and histopathology of different organs: the liver, gills, intestine, kidneys and gonads of adult individuals of the species Danio rerio. The results showed that the solubility of PPF prevents the accurate determination of LC50–96 h; however, despite causing slight toxicity to female gills and gonads, the substance presented deleterious effects on the other tissues analyzed. We conclude that PPF proved to be toxic even in acute exposures; however, more studies with this substance should be expanded to chronic experiments.

Graphical abstract: Acute toxicity and histopathological effects of pyriproxyfen in adult male and female zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
04 Nov 2024
Accepted
08 May 2025
First published
15 May 2025
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Environ. Sci.: Adv., 2025,4, 1117-1128

Acute toxicity and histopathological effects of pyriproxyfen in adult male and female zebrafish (Danio rerio)

B. G. Gameiro, R. S. Brito, A. D. A. Valle, F. K. Tominaga, F. Kummrow, G. Giannocco, D. L. Pitol, N. A. Dsouki, R. M. D. B. Maciel and B. F. Pereira, Environ. Sci.: Adv., 2025, 4, 1117 DOI: 10.1039/D4VA00380B

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