A spherical layered heterostructure design using the upgraded beluga whale optimization algorithm for tunable polarization conversion

Abstract

In this article, the upgraded beluga whale optimization algorithm is employed to facilitate the optimization of a stacked spherical layered heterostructure (SLH) using the transfer matrix method. This results in the creation of a distinctive structure that combines magnetized plasma with conventional dielectric materials, endowing it with polarization conversion (PC) capabilities (linear-to-circular polarization). Through an analysis encompassing phase differences, reflectance, and axial ratios, a conversion function that transforms incident linear polarized waves into reflection circularly polarized ones is achieved. The adjustability of the given SLH as a polarization converter is substantiated by examining variations in the angle, magnetic induction intensity, and plasma frequency. In essence, the given SLH exhibits tunable PC characteristics across various physical parameters, and in conjunction with an intelligent optimization algorithm, opens up new possibilities for the conversion of linear polarized waves into circularly polarized waves.