Chemical Vapor-Assisted Highly Crystalized SbSI Solar Cell and Photodetector with Bifacial Passivation to Mitigate the Charge Transport Loss

Abstract

Metal chalcohalides are an emerging class of materials that have evolved from the traditional material design paradigms of halides and chalcogenides. Nevertheless, conventional film fabrication techniques for chalcohalides often involve a compromise between crystallinity and morphology, primarily owing to uncontrolled nucleation and growth dynamics. In this study, we present a facile and highly regulated method for the deposition and crystallization of antimony chalcohalide (SbSI) that incorporates double-sided passivation. The deposition of an optimized precursor solution induces moderate nucleation, followed by SbI3 vapor-assisted crystallization, wherein the temperatures of both the gas source and substrate are precisely controlled. The resulting film demonstrates a power conversion efficiency (PCE) that exceeds that of conventional approaches by more than three times. Moreover, the implementation of double-sided passivation using ultrathin CdS and MeO-2PACz layers effectively mitigates the interfacial trap states, leading to an enhanced PCE of 1.60% and 3.71% under pseudo-sunlight and LED white light-emitting diode, respectively, along with the maximum specific detectivity of 3.6 × 1012 Jones.