Conductive Hydrogel-based Epidermal Electrodes for Electrophysiological Monitoring

Abstract

Electrophysiological signals generated by human physiological processes offer critical insights for health monitoring and disease diagnosis, with their precise acquisition depending on high-performance electrodes. Conductive hydrogel-based epidermal electrodes, owing to their superior properties, demonstrate significant promise in electrophysiological monitoring. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the design and application of conductive hydrogels in epidermal electrodes. First, this work summarizes the different materials of conductive hydrogels, emphasizing recent advancements and their benefits as electrode materials. Next, the key properties of conductive hydrogel-based epidermal electrodes are discussed, including conductivity, adhesion, stretchability, and gas-permeability. Then, state-of-the-art applications are introduced, ranging from electrocardiography, electromyography, electrooculogram, and electroencephalography for electrophysiological monitoring. Finally, a conclusion and future directions for the conductive hydrogel-based epidermal electrodes for electrophysiological monitoring are provided.