Perovskite materials empower sensors and batteries: environmental health monitoring and flexible wearable innovation

Abstract

With the vigorous development of the Internet of Things and flexible electronic technology, perovskite materials have become the core driving force for the innovation of self-powered sensors due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, tunable band structure, and solution processing characteristics. This article systematically reviews the structure, working mechanism, and applications of perovskite solar cells in the fields of tactile, gas, and optoelectronic sensors, focusing on their breakthrough performance in gas detection, pressure sensing, and optical signal capture in environmental monitoring, human health, medical diagnosis, and so on. However, current research is facing multiple challenges. Inherent defects such as wet oxygen erosion, photo induced decay, and Pb²⁺ toxicity exist at the material level. At the device level, the contradiction between performance and stability is highlighted, as well as the dynamic balance between power consumption and mechanical flexibility in wearable integration. In response to the above issues, this article delves into solutions for balancing performance stability and power flexibility. Perovskite self-powered sensors are expected to break through commercialization barriers through cross-scale material design and interdisciplinary technology integration, and achieve large-scale applications in wearable health monitoring, intelligent environmental warning, medical implant devices, and other fields, promoting the next generation of intelligent terminal technology transformation.