Piezoelectric Composites for Gas Sensing: Evolution of Sensing and Transduction designs

Abstract

The rapid evolution of piezoelectric composite (PEC) gas sensors has been propelled by groundbreaking innovations spanning atomic-scale material engineering to macroscale intelligent system integration. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in PEC enabled gas detection, emphasizing their transition from conventional rigid architectures to multifunctional, miniaturized systems. Key breakthroughs include interfacial coupling engineering between gas sensitivity and energy harvesting that remarkably upgrade the chemisorption kinetics and piezoelectric transduction efficiency, multiscale computational models capable of guiding the rational design of high-performance gas sensors, AI-driven signal processing and energy management systems that overcome environmental interference and power limitations. This work systematically summarizes the working principle, materials selection, transducer design and synergy enabled novel device as well as AI-assisted gas recognition system, provides a constructive insight on the challenges and opportunities of piezoelectric composites-based gas sensors.