Unveiling the Properties, Structure, and Preparation of Monoelemental Main Group Xenes for Enhanced Nonlinear Optics Applications

Abstract

Nonlinear optics (NLO) is pivotal in the modern optics and optoelectronics sector, propelling the development of innovative technologies in data communication, imaging, sensing, quantum information processing, laser protection, and laser modulation. However, traditional materials have encountered limitations regarding nonlinear effects, power losses, and optical response speed. Recently, monoelemental two-dimensional (2D) materials, referred to as Xenes, have emerged as promising candidates for NLO applications due to their high charge mobility, superior conductivity, adjustable bandgap, and excellent optical transparency. This review article delves into the properties, structure, and preparation of Xenes for enhanced NLO applications. It starts by outlining the classification and structural properties of various Xenes materials, including those from Group III A, Group IV A, Group V A, and Group VI A. The unique features of these materials that render them distinct from conventional materials and highly promising for NLO research are highlighted. The article then discusses various preparation and preparation techniques for Xenes, dividing them into bottom-up and top-down approaches, and evaluating their comparative merits and optimization strategies. A systematic overview is further provided of the potential applications of Xenes in NLO applications, such as laser protection, laser modulation, and all-optical modulators. The review emphasizes how Xenes can be leveraged to improve the functionality and performance of these devices. Finally, the review analyzes the existing challenges faced by Xenes in NLO applications and envisions future prospects, aiming to offer valuable insights for ongoing research and development in this burgeoning field