Surface Plasmon Resonance Modulation Toward Efficient Transparent Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

Abstract

Considerable progress has been achieved in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) in terms of efficiency and stability. However, transparent perovskite light-emitting diodes (TPeLEDs), which are crucial for high-end display applications, suffer from compromised device performance due to various photon loss channels, particularly the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) at the organic functional layer/transparent metal electrode interface. Herein, high-refractive-index capping layers (CPLs) and self-assembled silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are adopted as light outcoupling layers to enhance the light outcoupling efficiency of TPeLEDs. By optimizing the CPL thickness, the transmittance and SPP loss of TPeLEDs can be effectively modulated. Moreover, by carefully modulating the vacuum deposition conditions, the size and distribution of AgNPs can be optimized, resulting in further reduction in SPP loss in the devices. As a result, high-performance green TPeLEDs with an average transmittance of over 66% in the visible light range are achieved, alongside a record total external quantum efficiency (EQEtotal) of 18.6%, with bottom and top EQE values of 11.1% and 7.5%, respectively. Moreover, the incorporation of AgNPs promotes a nearly 7-fold increase in device lifetime, which further illustrates the advantages of utilizing AgNPs for fabricating high-performance TPeLEDs.