Manufacture and application of antibacterial biofilm microneedles

Abstract

Bacterial biofilms in chronic wounds establish drug-impermeable barriers through extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix formation. Versus surgical debridement and systemic approaches, microneedle systems have evolved as minimally invasive platforms showing marked progress in biofilm management. Notable progress encompasses enhanced drug permeation, improved bactericidal capacity, and stimuli-responsive systems. This review systematically examines recent therapeutic innovations in microneedle-mediated biofilm intervention.Firstly, the paper provides an overview of the various types of microneedles and their mechanisms of action. Then discuss the Advanced fabrication methods for antibiofilm systems. Antimicrobial mechanisms are classified into three modalities, physical disruption, chemical targeting, and bioactive regulation. Following sections present preclinical applications corresponding to each mechanistic category. These results provide a roadmap for clinical translation of microneedle antimicrobial technologies.