A ROS-scavenging CuxO nanozyme-functionalized microneedle patch for androgenetic alopecia treatment

Abstract

Oxidative stress is closely linked to androgenetic alopecia (AGA). However, research on antioxidants specifically targeting hair follicle tissue has been limited. The utilization of nanomaterials that possess superior reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging capabilities and biocompatibility is a promising approach for the treatment of AGA. The microneedle-mediated transdermal delivery system can overcome the limitations of the stratum corneum and effectively deliver functional nanomaterials to the vicinity of hair follicles. In this study, we report a degradable microneedle patch loaded with a ROS-scavenging Cu_xO nanozyme (Cu_xO-MNs) for targeted treatment of AGA. Tiny Cu_xO nanozymes were synthesized using a robust and eco-friendly method, demonstrating an effective ROS-scavenging ability at both in vitro and cellular levels. With the penetration and dissolution of sodium hyaluronate microneedles, Cu_xO can be rapidly released and effectively reach the area around the hair follicle, enabling targeted removal of ROS. In the AGA model, Cu_xO-MNs effectively alleviate oxidative stress, restore the hair follicle microenvironment, and stimulate the transition of hair follicles from the telogen to the anagen. These combined effects significantly enhance hair regeneration and exhibit therapeutic efficacy comparable to the clinical drug minoxidil, suggesting the safety and translational potential of this strategy for AGA treatment.