Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. derived extracellular vesicles alleviate mastitis via NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB/MAPK pathways

Abstract

Mastitis, a prevalent inflammatory disease affecting both humans and animals, imposes significant health burdens globally. Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. has been traditionally used to treat mammary gland disorders, however, the clinical translation of its crude extracts remains challenging due to the poor bioavailability. Emerging as innovative nanotherapeutic agents, plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) exhibit enhanced bioavailability, low immunogenicity, and targeted delivery capabilities, making them promising candidates for precision medicine applications. Herein, extracellular vesicles derived from Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. (TH-EVs) were successfully isolated employing ultracentrifugation and sucrose gradient centrifugation. Subsequently, these physicochemical properties, including particle size distribution and composition analysis, were comprehensively characterized. The anti-inflammatory efficacy and mechanism of TH-EVs were explored in both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine mammary epithelial cell (HC11) and a murine mastitis model. In vitro, TH-EVs reduced TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and cellular oxidative stress. In vivo, TH-EVs alleviated histopathological damage, decreased myeloperoxidase activity, inhibited T lymphocyte activation, and reduced oxidative stress in mammary tissues. Mechanistically, TH-EVs inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome, NF-κB and MAPK pathways. This study demonstrates that TH-EVs are a potent natural nanotherapeutic agent for mastitis, with potential for translational applications.

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
12 Apr 2025
Accepted
16 Jul 2025
First published
18 Jul 2025
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

J. Mater. Chem. B, 2025, Accepted Manuscript

Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. derived extracellular vesicles alleviate mastitis via NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB/MAPK pathways

Y. Sun, Y. Liu, J. Li, S. Huang, Y. Du, D. Chen, M. Yang and Y. Peng, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2025, Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.1039/D5TB00861A

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