Liquid Crystal Elastomers for Solar, Mechanical, Thermal, and Electrochemical Energy Applications

Abstract

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a class of soft, stimuli-responsive materials that integrate the orientational order of liquid crystals with the elasticity of polymer networks. This molecular architecture imparts unique properties, including anisotropic actuation, reversible shape morphing, and programmable mechanical responses, which position LCEs as promising candidates for adaptive energy systems. Unlike rigid, static components, LCEs respond dynamically to external stimuli such as heat, light, and mechanical stress, allowing for autonomous and flexible energy transduction. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of LCEs in a range of energy applications, including solar energy harvesting and tracking, mechanical energy conversion, thermal energy regulation, and electrochemical energy storage. This Review examines recent advances in each of these four domains. Furthermore, key structure–function relationships, materials design strategies, and opportunities for system-level integration are discussed.