Recent Advances on Liquid Metal as Electrodes, Electrolytes and Interface Stabilizers for Lithium Batteries and Beyond

Abstract

The traditional lithium-ion batteries cannot meet the high energy density demands with the popularization of electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and portable electronics. Novel electrode materials with high theoretical capacity and solid-state electrolyte have been developed. However, they suffer from structural failure and interface instability, limiting their practical application. Herein, this review presents the recent advances on liquid metal (LM) as key electrode, electrolyte materials, and interface stabilizer in lithium batteries and beyond. First, the typical characteristics of LM are introduced, showing potential application in next-generation lithium batteries through the unique properties, including low melting points, tunable surface property, high electrical conductivity, self-healing property, and fluidity, etc. Subsequently, we focus on the applications of LM in cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes for lithium batteries and beyond. Finally, the remaining challenges and future opportunities for using LM in high-performance energy storage devices are illustrated.