Defect Structures in Supercapacitor Electrodes: Nonoxide 2D Materials and Metal Oxides

Abstract

This review examines the role of defect structures in supercapacitor electrodes composed of two-dimensional (2D) materials and metal oxides. Defects, such as vacancies and substitutions, can significantly influence the performance of these materials by affecting their electronic properties and ion transport. We investigate how various defects can enhance charge storage and conductivity in materials such as MXenes, hexagonal boron nitride, and different transition metal oxides. The review also covers methods for analyzing defects and their effects on electrochemical behavior. Finally, we discuss ways to improve the performance of supercapacitor electrodes, which can lead to enhanced energy storage technologies.