3D printed barocaloric composites for environmentally friendly thermal energy management

Abstract

Our society is experiencing an accelerated technological transition to reach net zero emissions by 2050, where the decarbonization of heating and cooling systems is a key aspect. In this work, we describe two new solid-state barocaloric materials, [C12H25NH3]2MnCl4 and [C12H25NH3]2MnBr4, with colossal barocaloric effects of ΔS > 200 J K-1 kg-1, which are already reversible under operating pressures of 500 bar. In addition, we introduce the first 3D printable barocaloric composite using a pressure transmitting matrix and thermal conductive additives, which is conformed in the shape of a heat exchange gyroid. This innovative proof-of-concept demonstrates a new strategy to enhance the thermal performance, chemical stability and technological integration of the emerging family of barocaloric compounds. In addition, we identify emerging technologies (beyond traditional refrigeration) where the thermal management is critical and that matches the operating temperature and pressure range of the here obtained barocaloric materials, namely, lithium ion batteries and hydrogen fuel cells.