MXene gel solar thermal evaporator: a novel pathway for seawater desalination

Abstract

Solar interface evaporation technology is a promising method for water purification and seawater desalination, but the complex characteristics of seawater are often overlooked. The application of MXene materials represents a significant breakthrough, enhancing evaporation efficiency and effectively addressing challenges related to salinity and impurities. In-depth research into their mechanisms and practical applications offers substantial scientific and industrial potential. This review explores the properties, design, and synthesis of MXene materials and analyzes the unique advantages of MXene-based composite gels with polymers, nanomaterials, and biomass in seawater desalination. Additionally, mathematical modeling is employed to quantitatively assess salt accumulation, and a sustainability evaluation equation for performance assessment and engineering applications is introduced. Furthermore, the review identifies challenges faced by MXene gel evaporators in seawater desalination, providing important theoretical and technical guidance for future research and optimization.